Journal
AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW
Volume 116, Issue 3, Pages 968-984Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0003055421001350
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The study on the impact of Mexican immigration on white Americans' attitudes and behaviors toward Black Americans indicates that changes in one group can affect the entire web of intergroup relations in diverse societies. The exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of other minorities as in- or out-groups, reflecting a context-dependent categorization framework.
How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new out-group change the in-group's perceptions of other out-groups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of other minorities as in- or out-groups depending on perceived distances across groups. We test this framework by studying how Mexican immigration to the United States affected white Americans' attitudes and behaviors toward Black Americans. We combine survey and crime data with a difference-in-differences design and an instrumental variables strategy. Consistent with the theory, Mexican immigration improves whites' racial attitudes, increases support for pro-Black government policies, and lowers anti-Black hate crimes while simultaneously increasing prejudice against Hispanics. Results generalize beyond Hispanics and Blacks, and a survey experiment provides direct evidence for recategorization. Our findings imply that changes in the size of one group can affect the entire web of intergroup relations in diverse societies.
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