Journal
PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE
Volume 44, Issue 4, Pages 1027-1048Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01072-5
Keywords
Electrocardiography; Photoplethysmography; Cardiovascular disease; Arrhythmia detection techniques
Funding
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Senior Research Fellow (CSIR-SRF) [31/31/(0053)/2k19-EMR-1]
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ECG and PPG are non-invasive techniques that provide electrical and hemodynamic information of the heart, mainly for diagnosing cardiac abnormalities. Automatic detection techniques can help experts accurately identify the nature of arrhythmias.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmograph (PPG) are non-invasive techniques that provide electrical and hemodynamic information of the heart, respectively. This information is advantageous in the diagnosis of various cardiac abnormalities. Arrhythmia is the most common cardiovascular disease, manifested as single or multiple irregular heartbeats. However, due to the continuous manual observation, it becomes troublesome for experts sometimes to identify the paroxysmal nature of arrhythmia correctly. Moreover, due to advancements in technology, there is an inclination towards wearable sensors which monitor such patients continuously. Thus, there is a need for automatic detection techniques for the identification of arrhythmia. In the presented work, ECG and PPG-based state-of-the-art methods have been described, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification techniques for the detection of various arrhythmias. Additionally, this review exhibits various wearable sensors used in the literature and public databases available for the evaluation of results. The study also highlights the limitations of the current techniques and pragmatic solutions to improvise the ongoing effort.
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