Journal
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY REVIEWS
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 757-792Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1007/s41918-021-00112-8
Keywords
Semiconductor electrochemistry; Fuel cells; Lithium-ion batteries; Solar cells; Built-in electric field; Energy system integration
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51772080, 51672208, 51774259, 51402093]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2021A1515012356, 2017A030313289]
- Ministry of Education of Guangdong Province [2019KTSCX151]
- Shenzhen Government Plan of Science and Technology [JCYJ20180305125247308]
- EPSRC [EP/I013229/1]
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University
- Royal Society [NAF\R1\ 191294]
- Newton Fund [NAF\R1\ 191294]
- Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province [2019JZ-20, 2019KWZ-03]
- Hubei Provincial 100-Talent Distinguished Professor Grant at the China University of Geoscience
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Semiconductors combined with electrochemistry have become an emerging field in energy materials and technologies, with semiconductor membranes and heterostructure fuel cells being new technological trends. Semiconductors play a key role in energy conversion and storage applications.
Semiconductors and the associated methodologies applied to electrochemistry have recently grown as an emerging field in energy materials and technologies. For example, semiconductor membranes and heterostructure fuel cells are new technological trend, which differ from the traditional fuel cell electrochemistry principle employing three basic functional components: anode, electrolyte, and cathode. The electrolyte is key to the device performance by providing an ionic charge flow pathway between the anode and cathode while preventing electron passage. In contrast, semiconductors and derived heterostructures with electron (hole) conducting materials have demonstrated to be much better ionic conductors than the conventional ionic electrolytes. The energy band structure and alignment, band bending and built-in electric field are all important elements in this context to realize the necessary fuel cell functionalities. This review further extends to semiconductor-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage, describing their fundamentals and working principles, with the intention of advancing the understanding of the roles of semiconductors and energy bands in electrochemical devices for energy conversion and storage, as well as applications to meet emerging demands widely involved in energy applications, such as photocatalysis/water splitting devices, batteries and solar cells. This review provides new ideas and new solutions to problems beyond the conventional electrochemistry and presents new interdisciplinary approaches to develop clean energy conversion and storage technologies. Graphic Abstract
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