Multifunctional liquid metal polymer composites

Liquid metal polymer composites are an emerging class of functional materials with potentially transformative impacts in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and human-computer interactions. By employing different processing methods, room temperature liquid metal inclusions can be embedded in insulating polymers like elastomers to incorporate functional properties of metals while the matrix remains soft and stretchable. These solid-liquid composites offer an interesting, yet complex multifunctional material system. In this review, we present an exclusive overview of the synthesis methods, structural and functional properties, and applications of gallium-based liquid metal polymer composites. Common methods to control the size of liquid metal inclusions and their interaction in polymers are discussed. Moreover, the effect of liquid metal microstructures on the overall properties of the composites is summarized. We also highlight the new trends in terms of material composition, printing process, and novel applications of liquid metal polymer composites in intelligent systems.

Automated summary

Liquid metal polymer composites are a class of emerging functional materials that combine the functional properties of metals with the soft and stretchable nature of polymers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of gallium-based liquid metal polymer composites, discussing synthesis methods, structural and functional properties, and applications. The control of liquid metal size and interaction in polymers, as well as the effect of liquid metal microstructures on composite properties, are also highlighted. New trends in material composition, printing process, and novel applications are presented.