Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Volume 219, Issue 2, Pages 212-219Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.11.006
Keywords
Ambient air pollution; Depressed mood; Traffic noise; Harmonization; Multi-cohort study
Funding
- European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [261433]
- European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) [211250]
- Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NWO [175.010.2007.006]
- Economic Structure Enhancing Fund (FES) of the Dutch government
- Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
- Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports
- Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces (SNN)
- Province of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- University of Groningen
- Dutch Kidney Foundation
- Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- State of Bavaria
- Helmholtz Society
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Background: Exposure to ambient air pollution may be associated with impaired mental health, including depression. However, evidence originates mainly from animal studies and epidemiological studies in specific subgroups. We investigated the association between air pollution and depressed mood in four European general population cohorts. Methods: Data were obtained from LifeLines (the Netherlands), KORA (Germany), HUNT (Norway), and FINRISK (Finland). Residential exposure to particles (PM2.5, PM(2.5)absorbance, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated using land use regression (LUR) models developed for the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and using European wide LUR models. Depressed mood was assessed with interviews and questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the cohort specific associations between air pollution and depressed mood. Results: A total of 70,928 participants were included in our analyses. Depressed mood ranged from 1.6% (KORA) to 11.3% (FINRISK). Cohort specific associations of the air pollutants and depressed mood showed heterogeneous results. For example, positive associations were found for NO2 in LifeLines (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.53 per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in NO2), whereas negative associations were found in HUNT (OR= 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.94 per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in NO2). Conclusions: Our analyses of four European general population cohorts found no consistent evidence for an association between ambient air pollution and depressed mood. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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