Artificial Intelligence-Based Real-Time Pineapple Quality Classification Using Acoustic Spectroscopy

The pineapple is an essential fruit in Taiwan. Farmers separate pineapples into two types, according to the percentages of water in the pineapples. One is the drum sound pineapple and the other is the meat sound pineapple. As there is more water in the meat sound pineapple, the meat sound pineapple more easily rots and is more challenging to store than the drum sound pineapple. Thus, farmers need to filter out the meat sound pineapple, so that they can sell pineapples overseas. The classification, based on striking the pineapple fruit with rigid objects (e.g., plastic rulers) is most commonly used by farmers due to the negligibly low costs and availability. However, it is a time-consuming job, so we propose a method to automatically classify pineapples in this work. Using embedded onboard computing processors, servo, and an ultrasonic sensor, we built a hitting machine and combined it with a conveyor to automatically separate pineapples. To classify pineapples, we proposed a method related to acoustic spectrogram spectroscopy, which uses acoustic data to generate spectrograms. In the acoustic data collection step, we used the hitting machine mentioned before and collected many groups of data with different factors; some groups also included the noise in the farm. With these differences, we tested our deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) performances. The best accuracy of the developed CNN model is 0.97 for data Group V. The proposed hitting machine and the CNN model can assist in the classification of pineapple fruits with high accuracy and time efficiency.

Automated summary

This article introduces the importance of pineapples in Taiwan and their classification method. Due to the difficulty in storing and the tendency to rot, farmers need to filter out the high-water content pineapples. The authors propose an automatic classification method using embedded onboard computing processors, servo, and an ultrasonic sensor to build a hitting machine that can automatically separate pineapples. The proposed method utilizes acoustic spectrogram spectroscopy to classify pineapples and achieved high accuracy through deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) testing.