A Label-Free Proteomic and Complementary Metabolomic Analysis of Leaves of the Resurrection Plant Xerophyta schlechteri during Dehydration

Vegetative desiccation tolerance, or the ability to survive the loss of similar to 95% relative water content (RWC), is rare in angiosperms, with these being commonly called resurrection plants. It is a complex multigenic and multi-factorial trait, with its understanding requiring a comprehensive systems biology approach. The aim of the current study was to conduct a label-free proteomic analysis of leaves of the resurrection plant Xerophyta schlechteri in response to desiccation. A targeted metabolomics approach was validated and correlated to the proteomics, contributing the missing link in studies on this species. Three physiological stages were identified: an early response to drying, during which the leaf tissues declined from full turgor to a RWC of similar to 80-70%, a mid-response in which the RWC declined to 40% and a late response where the tissues declined to 10% RWC. We identified 517 distinct proteins that were differentially expressed, of which 253 proteins were upregulated and 264 were downregulated in response to the three drying stages. Metabolomics analyses, which included monitoring the levels of a selection of phytohormones, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty acids and organic acids in response to dehydration, correlated with some of the proteomic differences, giving insight into the biological processes apparently involved in desiccation tolerance in this species.

Automated summary

The study conducted label-free proteomic analysis of leaves of the resurrection plant Xerophyta schlechteri in response to desiccation, validating a targeted metabolomics approach. It identified 517 distinct proteins that were differentially expressed in response to drying stages, correlating with metabolomics analyses of phytohormones, amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids. This study provides insight into the biological processes involved in desiccation tolerance in Xerophyta schlechteri.