Recent advances in tribological behavior of functionally graded composites: A review

The tribological performance of functionally graded composites (FGCs) under abrasive and reciprocating test conditions are reviewed, from the numerous studies performed over the last three decades. FGCs pro-duced differing wear analysis trends under varying process conditions and parameters. A general frame-work identifying the process parameters as well as assessing the wear performance through wear modes and mechanisms is presented. The tribo-system material loss is reduced by optimizing the process parameters independently, for specific engineering applications depending on the industrial demands. Moreover, the different challenges faced during wear analysis were discussed and their prospects in var-ious scientific and technological fields are addressed. (c) 2021 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This article reviews the tribological performance of functionally graded composites (FGCs) under abrasive and reciprocating test conditions, based on numerous studies conducted over the past three decades. The findings reveal that FGCs exhibit different wear analysis trends under varying process conditions and parameters. A framework is presented for identifying the process parameters and evaluating wear performance through wear modes and mechanisms. Optimizing the process parameters independently can reduce material loss in the tribo-system, catering to specific engineering applications in accordance with industrial demands. Additionally, the challenges encountered during wear analysis are discussed, and their prospects in various scientific and technological fields are addressed.