Citrin mediated metabolic rewiring in response to altered basal subcellular Ca2+ homeostasis

Koshenov et al. investigate the regulation of basal mitochondrial bioenergetics and find that Ca2+ fluxes from ER-mitochondria contact sites control basal mitochondrial metabolism and energetics. The authors identify citrin as a primary regulator of this process and show that manipulation of Ca2+ dynamics can reprogram cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. In contrast to long-term metabolic reprogramming, metabolic rewiring represents an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress. Ca2+ signals of distinct spatio-temporal patterns control a plethora of signaling processes and can determine basal cellular metabolic setting, however, Ca2+ signals that define metabolic rewiring have not been conclusively identified and characterized. Here, we reveal the existence of a basal Ca2+ flux originating from extracellular space and delivered to mitochondria by Ca2+ leakage from inositol triphosphate receptors in mitochondria-associated membranes. This Ca2+ flux primes mitochondrial metabolism by maintaining glycolysis and keeping mitochondria energized for ATP production. We identified citrin, a well-defined Ca2+-binding component of malate-aspartate shuttle in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, as predominant target of this basal Ca2+ regulation. Our data emphasize that any manipulation of this ubiquitous Ca2+ system has the potency to initiate metabolic rewiring as an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress.

Automated summary

The study investigates the regulation of basal mitochondrial bioenergetics and reveals that Ca2+ fluxes from ER-mitochondria contact sites control basal mitochondrial metabolism and energetics. The researchers identify citrin as a primary regulator of this process and show that manipulation of Ca2+ dynamics can reprogram cellular and mitochondrial metabolism.