KSHV transactivator-derived small peptide traps coactivators to attenuate MYC and inhibits leukemia and lymphoma cell growth

In herpesvirus replicating cells, host cell gene transcription is frequently down-regulated because important transcriptional apparatuses are appropriated by viral transcription factors. Here, we show a small peptide derived from the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus transactivator (K-Rta) sequence, which attenuates cellular MYC expression, reduces cell proliferation, and selectively kills cancer cell lines in both tissue culture and a xenograft tumor mouse model. Mechanistically, the peptide functions as a decoy to block the recruitment of coactivator complexes consisting of Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2), p300, and SWI/SNF proteins to the MYC promoter in primary effusion lymphoma cells. Thiol(SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM seq) with target-transcriptional analyses further confirm that the viral peptide directly attenuates MYC and MYC-target gene expression. This study thus provides a unique tool to control MYC activation, which may be used as a therapeutic payload to treat MYC-dependent diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. Shimoda et al. present evidence that a small functional peptide derived from the KSHV transactivator could be used to target MYC in cancer. The authors find that the peptide attenuates MYC expression, reduces cell proliferation, and selectively kills cancer cells in tissue culture and a xenograft tumor mouse model, by blocking recruitment of coactivator complexes (Nuclear receptor coactivator 2, p300, and SWI/SNF proteins) to the MYC promoter.

Automated summary

The study demonstrates that a small peptide derived from the KSHV transactivator can effectively target MYC in cancer by attenuating its expression, reducing cell proliferation, and selectively killing cancer cells. This is achieved by blocking the recruitment of coactivator complexes (NCOA2, p300, and SWI/SNF proteins) to the MYC promoter. The viral peptide serves as a unique tool to control MYC activation, showing potential therapeutic benefits for MYC-dependent diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases.