Bridging large-scale cortical networks: Integrative and function-specific hubs in the thalamus

The thalamus is critical for the brain's integrative hub functions; however, the localization and characterization of the different thalamic hubs remain unclear. Using a voxel-level network measure called functional connectivity overlap ratio (FCOR), we examined the thalamus' association with large-scale resting-state networks (RSNs) to elucidate its connector hub roles. Connections to the core-neurocognitive networks were localized in the anterior and medial parts, such as the anteroventral and mediodorsal nuclei areas. Regions functionally connected to the sensorimotor network were distinctively located around the lateral pulvinar nucleus but to a limited extent. Prominent connector hubs include the anteroventral, ventral lateral, and mediodorsal nuclei with functional connections to multiple RSNs. These findings suggest that the thalamus, with extensive connections to most of the RSNs, is we' placed as a critical integrative functional hub and could play an important role for functional integration facilitating brain functions associated with primary processing and higher cognition.

Automated summary

The thalamus plays a critical role as an integrative functional hub in the brain, having extensive connections to multiple resting-state networks. Regions in the anterior and medial parts of the thalamus are associated with core neurocognitive networks, while connections to the sensorimotor network are more limited and distinctively located around the lateral pulvinar nucleus. Prominent connector hubs in the thalamus include the anteroventral, ventral lateral, and mediodorsal nuclei, which have functional connections to various resting-state networks. These findings highlight the importance of the thalamus in facilitating functional integration for brain functions related to primary processing and higher cognition.