Journal
JOURNAL OF FUNGI
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jof8010007
Keywords
multi-copper oxidase; copper-transporter; nutrient-sufficient conditions; white-rot fungus
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Funding
- Spanish National Research Plan [RTI2018-099371-B-I00]
- Public University of Navarre (UPNA) funds
- Gobernacion del Departamento del Cesar by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia e Innovacion de Colombia
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This research investigates the relationship between carbon-nitrogen nutritional factors, copper sulfate, and laccase activity in Pleurotus ostreatus. It reveals that copper regulates the expression of laccase genes, while nutrient-sufficiency conditions control the copper entry into the cell. The findings explain the significant increase in laccase activity with copper addition compared to cultures without copper when using the optimal concentration of yeast extract as a nitrogen source.
This research aimed to establish the relationship between carbon-nitrogen nutritional factors and copper sulfate on laccase activity (LA) by Pleurotus ostreatus. Culture media composition was tested to choose the nitrogen source. Yeast extract (YE) was selected as a better nitrogen source than ammonium sulfate. Then, the effect of glucose and YE concentrations on biomass production and LA as response variables was evaluated using central composite experimental designs with and without copper. The results showed that the best culture medium composition was glucose 45 gL(-1) and YE 15 gL(-1), simultaneously optimizing these two response variables. The fungal transcriptome was obtained in this medium with or without copper, and the differentially expressed genes were found. The main upregulated transcripts included three laccase genes (lacc2, lacc6, and lacc10) regulated by copper, whereas the principal downregulated transcripts included a copper transporter (ctr1) and a regulator of nitrogen metabolism (nmr1). These results suggest that Ctr1, which facilitates the entry of copper into the cell, is regulated by nutrient-sufficiency conditions. Once inside, copper induces transcription of laccase genes. This finding could explain why a 10-20-fold increase in LA occurs with copper compared to cultures without copper when using the optimal concentration of YE as nitrogen sources.
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