4.6 Article

The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca

Journal

JOURNAL OF FUNGI
Volume 7, Issue 10, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jof7100869

Keywords

droplet digital PCR; esca; grapevine roots; mycorrhizal non-vital staining; native AMF; operational taxonomic units (OTUs)

Funding

  1. Marche Polytechnic University

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The study examined the relationship between native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vine roots affected by esca, a grapevine trunk disease. Results showed higher AMF colonization intensity in symptomatic plants compared to asymptomatic ones, with a higher diversity of Glomeromycota phylum abundance in the former. Specific AMF species were detected more frequently in symptomatic vines, suggesting a potential link between esca and native AMF in grapevines.
In this work we analyzed the relationship among native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vine roots affected by esca, a serious grapevine trunk disease. The AMF symbiosis was analyzed on the roots of neighboring plants (symptomatic and asymptomatic to esca) in 14 sites of three vineyards in Marche region (central-eastern Italy). The AMF colonization intensity, identified by non-vital staining, showed higher value in all esca symptomatic plants (ranging from 24.6% to 61.3%) than neighboring asymptomatic plants (from 17.4% to 57.6%). The same trend of Glomeromycota phylum abundance was detected by analyzing fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) linked to the AMF community, obtained by amplicon high throughput analysis of ITS 1 region. Overall, the highest amount of OTUs was detected on roots from symptomatic plants (0.42%), compared to asymptomatic roots (0.29%). Specific primer pairs for native Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae AMF species, were designed in 28S rRNA and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA, respectively, and droplet digital PCR protocol for absolute quantification was set up. A higher number of DNA copies of both fungal species were detected more frequently in symptomatic than asymptomatic vines. Our study suggests a relationship between esca and native AMF in grapevine. These results underline the importance of native rhizosphere microbial communities for a better knowledge of grapevine esca disease.

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