Journal
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 734-751Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/21677026211056596
Keywords
diagnosis; functioning; personality traits; psychopathology
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH093479]
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [U01-OH010712]
- NIMH [R01-MH080221, R01-MH01654, R01-MH50837, R01-MH50838, R01-MH50839, R01-MH50840, R01-MH50850, R01-MH69904, R01-MH73708]
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Personality traits can significantly predict future mental health and functioning outcomes beyond past and current psychiatric diagnoses. Conversely, past psychiatric diagnoses do not provide incremental prediction of outcomes when personality traits and other concurrent predictors are already included in the model.
Past psychiatric diagnoses are central to patient case formulation and prognosis. Recently, alternative classification models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) proposed to assess traits to predict clinically relevant outcomes. In the current study, we directly compared personality traits and past diagnoses as predictors of future mental health and functioning in three independent, prospective samples. Regression analyses found that personality traits significantly predicted future first onsets of psychiatric disorders (change in [Delta] R-2 = .06-.15), symptom chronicity (Delta R-2 = .03-.06), and functioning (Delta R-2 = .02-.07), beyond past and current psychiatric diagnoses. Conversely, past psychiatric diagnoses did not provide an incremental prediction of outcomes when personality traits and other concurrent predictors were already included in the model. Overall, personality traits predicted a variety of outcomes in diverse settings beyond diagnoses. Past diagnoses were generally not informative about future outcomes when personality was considered. Together, these findings support the added value of personality traits assessment in case formulation, consistent with the HiTOP model.
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