Electrochemical biosensors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene: future perspectives for on-site analysis

MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional layered materials composed of early transition metal carbides and/ or nitrides that provide unique characteristics for biosensor applications. This review presents the recent progress made on the usage and applications of MXenes in the field of electrochemical biosensors, including microfluidic biosensors and wearable microfluidic bio-sensors, and highlights the challenges with possible so-lutions and future needs. The multilayered configuration and high conductivity make these materials as an immo-bilizati on matrix for the biomolecule immobilization with activity retention and to be explored in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, respectively. First, how the MXene nanocomposite as an electrode modifier affects the sensing performance of the electrochemical bio-sensors based on enzymes, aptamer/ DNA, and immuno-assays is well described. Second, recent developments in MXene nanocomposites as wearable biosensing platforms for the biomolecule detection are highlighted. This review pointed out the future concerns and directions for the use of MXene nanocomposites to fabricate advanced electro-chemical biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, possibilities for developing microfluidic elec-trochemical sensors and wearable electrochemical micro-fluidic sensors with integrated biomolecule detection are emphasized.

Automated summary

MXenes, as newly developed two-dimensional layered materials, show great potential in electrochemical biosensor applications. With their multilayered configuration and high conductivity, they can serve as immobilization matrices for biomolecules and contribute to the fabrication of advanced electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity.