4.8 Review

Scaling silicon-based quantum computing using CMOS technology

Journal

NATURE ELECTRONICS
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages 872-884

Publisher

NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41928-021-00681-y

Keywords

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Funding

  1. European Union [951852, 688539, 810504]
  2. UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship [MR/V023284/1]
  3. Royal Society
  4. Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability
  5. Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the CMOSQSPIN project [ANR-17-CE24-0009]
  6. Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship [FL190100167]
  7. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-17-CE24-0009] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)

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This article discusses the scaling prospects of quantum computing systems based on silicon spin technology and how different layers of such a computer could benefit from using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The potential of leveraging CMOS expertise in addressing the scaling challenges at a system level is highlighted.
As quantum processors grow in complexity, attention is moving to the scaling prospects of the entire quantum computing system, including the classical support hardware. Recent results in high-fidelity control of individual spins in silicon, combined with demonstrations that these qubits can be manufactured in a similar fashion to field-effect transistors, create an opportunity to leverage the know-how of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) industry to address the scaling challenge at a system level. Here we review the prospects of scaling silicon-based quantum computing using CMOS technology. We consider the concept of a quantum computing system, which we decompose into three distinct layers-the quantum layer, the quantum-classical interface and the classical layer-and explore the challenges involved in their development, as well their assembly into an architecture. Silicon offers the enticing possibility that all layers can, in principle, be manufactured using CMOS technology, creating an opportunity to move from distributed quantum-classical systems to integrated quantum computing solutions. This Review examines the scaling prospects of quantum computing systems based on silicon spin technology and how the different layers of such a computer could benefit from using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

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