Journal
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.742378
Keywords
malaria; malaria persistence; elimination strategies; ethnic minority; mixed methods study; Vietnam
Categories
Funding
- Belgian Directorate of Development Cooperation (DGD) [4]
- DGD
- Belgian Directorate for Development Cooperation
- Institute of Tropical Medicine
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Social factors such as territorial arrangements and mobility have a direct impact on the effectiveness of malaria elimination strategies in forested areas of South-Central Vietnam, hindering the success of interventions such as indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal treated nets. Despite government efforts to resettle households and provide adequate nets, many families still return to old villages for livelihood activities, posing challenges to sustained malaria control efforts in ethnic minority populations.
Despite the scale-up of vector control, diagnosis and treatment, and health information campaigns, malaria persists in the forested areas of South-Central Vietnam, home to ethnic minority populations. A mixed-methods study using an exploratory sequential design was conducted in 10 Ra-glai villages in Bac Ai district of Ninh Thuan province to examine which social factors limited the effectiveness of the national malaria elimination strategy in the local setting. Territorial arrangements and mobility were found to directly limit the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insectidical treated nets (LLINs). Households (n=410) were resettled in the new villages by the government, where they received brick houses (87.1%) and sufficient LLINs (97.3%). However, 97.6% of households went back to their old villages to continue slash-and-burn agriculture. In the old village, 48.5% of households lived in open-structured plot huts and only 5.7% of them had sufficient LLIN coverage. Household representatives believed malaria could be cured with antimalarials (57.8%), but also perceived non-malarial medicines, rituals, and vitamin supplements to be effective against malaria. Household members (n = 1,957) used public health services for their most recent illness (62.9%), but also reported to buy low-cost medicines from the private sector to treat fevers and discomfort as these were perceived to be the most cost-effective treatment option for slash-and-burn farmers. The study shows the relevance of understanding social factors to improve the uptake of public health interventions and calls for contextually adapted strategies for malaria elimination in ethnic minority populations in Vietnam and similar settings.
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