4.6 Review

Vaginal pH Value for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Vaginitis

Journal

DIAGNOSTICS
Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111996

Keywords

vaginal pH; vaginitis; diagnosis; treatment

Funding

  1. Taiwan's Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 109-2622-E-007-009-CC3, MOST 109-2222-E-182A-002, MOST 110-2221-E-007-073-MY2]

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Vaginitis is a common issue among women globally, causing discomfort and pain that require medical attention. It is often caused by bacterial infections, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis. Maintaining a healthy vaginal ecosystem and pH balance is crucial in preventing vaginitis.
In modern society, 75% of all women worldwide have had vaginitis at least once in their lives. The vagina has a dynamic microbial ecosystem with varying vaginal pH levels. An imbalance in that ecosystem can alter the vaginal pH and tip the scale to the point of causing issues, such as vaginitis, that require medical attention. Although vaginitis is not an incurable disease, it causes discomfort and pain that disrupt women's daily lives. The most common causes of vaginitis include bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. In this review, we discuss the causes, diagnostic methods, and symptoms of different types of vaginitis, the relationship of vaginitis to the prevalence of other diseases, issues associated with recurrent vaginitis and the immune system, and a variety of effective available treatments. In our article, we summarize the relationship of pH with the vaginal ecosystem, discuss the associated factors of vaginal pH, and finally introduce the different available vaginal pH self-test products.

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