Journal
DIAGNOSTICS
Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112082
Keywords
interstitial cystitis; biomarkers; urine specimen collection; antimicrobial peptide; beta-defensins
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Funding
- Soonchunhyang University Research Fund [10210047]
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The study found that the expression of BD-2 in the urine of patients with Hunner type IC was 18 times higher than in patients with non-Hunner type IC. The increased secretion of BD-2 in urine of Hunner type IC patients was strongly correlated with increased mast cell counts associated with bladder IC pathology, showing potential as a biomarker.
As urine is not sterile, inflammatory reactions caused by dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota may induce interstitial cystitis. A study was conducted to determine whether beta-defensin 2 (BD-2), a specific antimicrobial peptide in the bladder, could be used as a novel diagnostic marker for ulcerative interstitial cystitis (IC). Urine samples from three female groups were examined: healthy controls (n = 34, Control group), non-Hunner type IC (n = 40, NHIC group), and Hunner type IC (n = 68, HIC group). Urine samples were collected via a transurethral catheter and assayed for BD-2 levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Under general or regional anesthesia, cystoscopy with diagnostic and therapeutic hydrodistension was performed in NHIC and HIC groups patients. These patients underwent a biopsy of the bladders. Based on the urinary specimens from 142 patients, BD-2 expression was found to be 18-fold higher in patients with Hunner type IC than in patients with non-Hunner type IC. The enhanced secretion of BD-2 exhibited a strong correlation with increased mast cell counts associated with bladder IC pathology. Enhanced urinary secretion of the antimicrobial peptide BD-2 from Hunner type IC patients associated with clinical phenotypes and demonstrated relatively robust levels to be used as a potential biomarker. Moreover, the increased urinary level of BD-2 may suggest a new possibility of biomarkers caused by dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota in ulcerative IC.
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