Journal
BRAIN SCIENCES
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010103
Keywords
mindfulness training; EEG-feedback; neurofeedback; brain-sensing device; brain-computer interface (BCI); executive functions; children; technology
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This pilot study examined how a brain-computer interface-assisted mindfulness program affects neural mechanisms and cognitive performance in children. The results suggest that mindfulness training with EEG-feedback can significantly improve children's inhibition, information processing, and resting-state brain activity.
This is the first pilot study with children that has assessed the effects of a brain-computer interface-assisted mindfulness program on neural mechanisms and associated cognitive performance. The participants were 31 children aged 9-10 years who were randomly assigned to either an eight-session mindfulness training with EEG-feedback or a passive control group. Mindfulness-related brain activity was measured during the training, while cognitive tests and resting-state brain activity were measured pre- and post-test. The within-group measurement of calm/focused brain states and mind-wandering revealed a significant linear change. Significant positive changes were detected in children's inhibition, information processing, and resting-state brain activity (alpha, theta) compared to the control group. Elevated baseline alpha activity was associated with less reactivity in reaction time on a cognitive test. Our exploratory findings show some preliminary support for a potential executive function-enhancing effect of mindfulness supplemented with EEG-feedback, which may have some important implications for children's self-regulated learning and academic achievement.
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