Gold nanoparticles: Synthesis properties and applications

In recent years, nanotechnology has been the topic of extensive research and a great deal of interest among researchers. The manufacturing and utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) has expanded dramatically as a result of the rapid development of nanotechnology. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most important nanoparticles, and they have been widely used for medical and non-medical applications as ideal material because of their unique distinct features: inert, biocompatible, and especially due to low toxicity. It is can be manufacture on a massive scale by reducing the oxidation of gold Au+1(aureus) or Au+3(auric) to Au0 by subjoin a reducing agent through various physical, chemical, and biological methods under different circumstance. Researchers have been motivated by the harmful effects of current synthesis methods to focus on the production of environmentally sustainable and green synthesis using nontoxic chemicals from natural sources, such as plant extract, bacteria, and fungi. The preparation of Gold nanoparticles can be done inwardly or outside by microbes, but outside the cell handling is facile in terms of insulation. Modified nanocellulose is a preferred technique for gold nanoparticle extraction. AuNPs have shown outstanding applications for diagnostic and therapeutic uses, including biosensor applications, tumor-targeting capability (Anticancer Activity) for cancer therapy, and precise drug delivery of nano-vehicles to diseased tissues. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

In recent years, the development of nanotechnology has driven the preparation and application of gold nanoparticles, with researchers increasingly focusing on environmentally sustainable and green synthesis using non-toxic chemicals from natural sources. Gold nanoparticles have shown remarkable applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, including biosensor applications, tumor-targeting capability for cancer therapy, and precise drug delivery to diseased tissues.