Journal
FOODS
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/foods10122920
Keywords
tomato; phytochemicals; ohmic-vacuum combination; microbiological stability
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [NC.X-267-5-12-170-1]
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences and the Agriculture Research Station at North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, USA
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Ohmic-vacuum combination heating system shows potential for rapid heating, high efficiency, energy saving, and preservation of nutritional value in the food industry. It improves the quality and sensory properties of tomato paste, while having minimal impact on sensory attributes.
Ohmic-vacuum combination heating is a common method used in the food industry as a concentration process. In the present study, an OH-VC combination heating system was developed for producing tomato paste at temperatures of 70, 80, and 90 degrees C and pressure of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 bar and electric field of 1.82, 2.73, and 3.64 V/cm using a central composite design. The effects of heating conditions on the quality and sensory evaluation of tomato paste were also evaluated. Each combination of temperature, pressure, and the electric field was quantified for specific energy consumption, energy efficiency, and productivity. A decrease of 35.08% in the amount of acid ascorbic and lycopene content 19.01%, using conventional heating compared to ohmic-vacuum heating under optimized conditions, was attained. The results also highlighted an increase in the amount of HMF (69.79%) and PME (24.33%) using conventional heating compared to ohmic-vacuum heating under optimized conditions. Ascorbic acid, lycopene, titratable acidity, productivity, energy efficiency was higher than conventional heating; on the other hand, HMF, PME, pH, SEC were lower than conventional heating at the applied OH-VC process. No significant effects between OH-VC and conventional heating on the TSS were observed. In addition, OH-VC heating was highly efficient in the inhibition of bacterial growth. Further, a minor effect on the sensory properties of tomato paste with OH-VC heating compared to the conventional treatment. The obtained results indicate a strong potential for an OH-VC combination heating system as a rapid-heating, high-efficiency alternative for saving electrical energy consumption and preserving nutritional value.
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