Autonomous vehicle-to-grid design for provision of frequency control ancillary service and distribution voltage regulation

We develop a system-level design for the provision of Ancillary Service (AS) for control of electric power grids by in-vehicle batteries, suitably applied to Electric Vehicles (EVs) operated in a sharing service. An architecture for cooperation between transportation and energy management systems is introduced that enables us to design an autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for the provision of multi objective AS: primary frequency control in a transmission grid and voltage amplitude regulation in a distribution grid connected to EVs. The design is based on the ordinary differential equation model of distribution voltage, which has been recently introduced as a new physics-based model, and is utilized in this paper for assessing and regulating the impact of spatiotemporal charging/charging of a large population of EVs to a distribution grid. Effectiveness of the autonomous V2G design is evaluated with numerical simulations of realistic models for transmission and distribution grids with synthetic operation data on EVs in a sharing service. In addition, we present a hardware-in-the-loop test for evaluating its feasibility in a situation where inevitable latency is involved due to power, control, and communication equipments. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This article presents a system-level design for providing Ancillary Services (AS) for electric power grids control using in-vehicle batteries, specifically applied to Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a sharing service. It introduces an architecture for cooperation between transportation and energy management systems, enabling the design of an autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system for multi-objective AS provision. The effectiveness and feasibility of the design are evaluated through numerical simulations and hardware-in-the-loop testing.