LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Discriminates Premium from Standard Chilean cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Wines from Different Valleys

Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in Chile, mainly grown between the 30 degrees S and 36 degrees S, account for more than 30% of Chilean wine production, and yield wines with different characteristics which influence their quality. The aim of this study was to apply a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic protocol to investigate the quality differentiation in a sample set of monovarietal wines from eight valleys covering 679 km of the north-south extension. All samples were produced using a standardized red winemaking process and classified according to a company categorization in two major groups: premium and standard, and each group in two subcategories. The results pointed out that N-containing metabolites (mainly small peptides) are promising biomarkers for quality differentiation. Moreover, the premium wines were characterized by higher amounts of anthocyanins and other glycosylated and acetylated flavonoids, as well as phenolic acids; standard quality wines, on the other hand, presented stilbenoids and sulfonated catabolites of tryptophan and flavanols.

Automated summary

The study utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the quality differentiation in monovarietal wines from Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Results showed that premium wines were characterized by high levels of anthocyanins, glycosylated and acetylated flavonoids, and phenolic acids, while standard quality wines contained stilbenoids and sulfonated catabolites of tryptophan and flavanols.