Journal
PATHOGENS
Volume 10, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101303
Keywords
nanomaterials; antifungal therapies; aspergillosis; coccidioidomycosis; mucormycosis; candidiasis
Categories
Funding
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
- CONACyT [221332]
- Fronteras de la Ciencia grant 1502 Infraestructura Grant [279957]
- Apoyo a la Ciencia de Frontera Grant [316869]
- Beca Nacional de Posgrado from CONACyT
- Beca de Posdoctorado Nacional
- CONACyT through Paicyt 2019-2020 Science Grant
- CONACyT through Paicyt 2020-2021 Science Grant
- CONACyT through Paicyt 2021-2022 Science Grant
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Invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus and Mucorales, pose a serious threat to public health, particularly for immunosuppressed individuals and patients with conditions like HIV/AIDS. Nanoformulations have been developed to improve efficacy and lessen adverse effects of conventional antifungal treatments, but therapeutic options for coccidioidomycosis and mucormycosis remain limited. Further research is needed to develop new therapeutic alternatives in this field.
Over the last years, invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi have constituted a serious threat to public health worldwide. Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Mucorales (the most common filamentous fungi), and Candida auris (non-filamentous fungus) can cause infections in humans. They are able to cause critical life-threatening illnesses in immunosuppressed individuals, patients with HIV/AIDS, uncontrolled diabetes, hematological diseases, transplantation, and chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the available nanoformulations (both metallic and polymers-based nanoparticles) developed to increase efficacy and reduce the number of adverse effects after the administration of conventional antifungals. To treat aspergillosis and infections caused by Candida, multiple strategies have been used to develop new therapeutic alternatives, such as incorporating coating materials, complexes synthesized by green chemistry, or coupled with polymers. However, the therapeutic options for coccidioidomycosis and mucormycosis are limited; most of them are in the early stages of development. Therefore, more research needs to be performed to develop new therapeutic alternatives that contribute to the progress of this field.
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