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PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs): Promising Applications as Emerging Biomarkers for Digestive System Cancer

Journal

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.848105

Keywords

Piwi-interacting RNA; cancer biomarker; diagnosis; prognosis; digestive system cancer; therapeutic target

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81873978]
  2. Key Project of Social Development in Jiangsu Province [BE2019691]
  3. Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M642298]
  4. Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health [Z2020011]
  5. Postdoctoral Research Funding Project of Jiangsu Province [2021K012A]

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PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a role in the development and progression of digestive cancers. They can regulate gene expression through various mechanisms and have potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which are 26-31 nucleotides in length and bind to PIWI proteins. Although piRNAs were originally discovered in germline cells and are thought to be essential regulators for germline preservation, they can also influence gene expression in somatic cells. An increasing amount of data has shown that the dysregulation of piRNAs can both promote and repress the emergence and progression of human cancers through DNA methylation, transcriptional silencing, mRNA turnover, and translational control. Digestive cancers are currently a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. piRNAs control the expression of essential genes and pathways associated with digestive cancer progression and have been reported as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancer. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the involvement of piRNAs, as well as potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of piRNAs in various digestive cancers.

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