Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
Volume 31, Issue 9, Pages 1029-1039Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/gps.4416
Keywords
processing speed; working memory; verbal memory; interference control; depression remission; vascular risk
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Funding
- Fonds NutsOhra [0701-065]
- Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ
- NARSAD The Brain and Behaviour Research Fund [41080]
- VU University Medical Center
- Leiden University Medical Center
- University Medical Center Groningen
- UMC St Radboud
- GGZ inGeest
- GG Net
- GGZ Nijmegen
- GGZ Rivierduinen
- Lentis
- Parnassia
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Objectives: Depression is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. The present study compared two-year change in cognitive performance between depressed older persons and a non-depressed control group, between remitted and non-remitted patients, and evaluated whether vascular burden at baseline was associated with more cognitive decline in depressed older persons. Methods: Depressed patients (n = 378) aged >= 60 were recruited from mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and a non-depressed control group (n = 132) was recruited from general practices. A DSM-IV depressive episode was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and processing speed, working memory, verbal memory and interference control were evaluated with three neurocognitive tasks at baseline and 2 years later. A modified Framingham Risk Score, anklebrachial index, and history of a vascular event defined vascular burden at baseline. Results: After adjusting for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex, and education level, depressed older persons had worse processing speed and verbal memory scores at follow-up than controls (regression coefficients: -0.172; p = 0.042 and -0.309; p = 0.001, respectively) but did not differ in the other two-cognitive outcomes. In the sample of depressed patients, remission status at 2 years follow-up and baseline vascular burden did not predict cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex and education level. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits in depressed older persons are not just a manifestation of depression. In addition, vascular burden was not associated with worse cognitive decline in a sample of depressed older persons. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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