Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112397
Keywords
Bifidobacterium; indole-3-lactic acid; 3-phenyllactic acid; 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid; leucic acid; hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3; aryl hydrocarbon receptor
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The study identified that Bifidobacterium can produce HCA(3) ligands, including 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, phenyllactic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, and LeuA. These ligands are mixtures of enantiomers, with D-ILA, D-PLA, and D-LeuA showing stronger activity. Investigating the absolute stereo structures of these metabolites is emphasized as important based on the results.
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA(3)) was recently identified in the genomes of humans and other hominids but not in other mammals. We examined the production of HCA(3) ligands by Bifidobacterium spp. In addition to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, phenyllactic acid (PLA), and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), we found that LeuA was produced by Bifidobacterium as an HCA(3) ligand. The four ligands produced were the mixtures of enantiomers, and D-ILA, D-PLA, and D-LeuA showed stronger activity of the HCA(3) ligand than their respective L-isomers. However, there was no difference in AhR activity between the two ILA enantiomers. These results provide new insights into the HCA(3) ligands produced by Bifidobacterium and suggest the importance of investigating the absolute stereo structures of these metabolites.
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