4.7 Review

Methods to Determine Chain-Breaking Antioxidant Activity of Nanomaterials beyond DPPH•. A Review

Journal

ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 10, Issue 10, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101551

Keywords

nanomaterial; antioxidant; radicals; autoxidation; nanoantioxidants; oxygen; assays; reactive oxygen species; ROS; catalysis

Funding

  1. Department of Chemistry [18668]
  2. Tecnologie avanzate per il controllo e lo sviluppo di molecole innovative per la salute

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This review highlights the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of nanomaterials with antioxidant activity and in evaluating their activity using chemical methods. Nanomaterials play a significant role in improving antioxidant research, but there is a need for better characterization of the property of "antioxidant activity" and avoiding oversimplified chemical methods.
This review highlights the progress made in recent years in understanding the mechanism of action of nanomaterials with antioxidant activity and in the chemical methods used to evaluate their activity. Nanomaterials represent one of the most recent frontiers in the research for improved antioxidants, but further development is hampered by a poor characterization of the ''antioxidant activity'' property and by using oversimplified chemical methods. Inhibited autoxidation experiments provide valuable information about the interaction with the most important radicals involved in the lipid oxidation, namely alkylperoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, and demonstrate unambiguously the ability to stop the oxidation of organic materials. It is proposed that autoxidation methods should always complement (and possibly replace) the use of assays based on the quenching of stable radicals (such as DPPH & BULL; and ABTS(& BULL;+)). The mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the autoxidation (sacrificial and catalytic radical trapping antioxidant activity) are described in the context of nanoantioxidants. Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate testing conditions and of meaningful kinetic analysis are also given.

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