Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 10, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101638
Keywords
HSV-1; Quercus acuta Thunb; isoquercitrin; ROS; NF-kappa B; ICP27; TBK1; neuronalcells
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2021R1A2C2094436]
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Korea [KSN2021230]
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [KSN2021230] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2021R1A2C2094436] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This study demonstrates that Quercus acuta has antiviral effects against HSV-1 infection, with its main components including chlorogenic acid and isoquercitrin. Through inhibition of ROS expression and NF-kB activity, as well as promotion of IRF3 phosphorylation activity, QA can effectively prevent the replication and spread of HSV-1 virus.
HSV-1 is a neurotropic virus that replicates lytically during acute infection and establishes latency in peripheral neurons. Currently, the clinically approved compounds for the prevention of HSV-1 infection include acyclovir and penciclovir; however, long-term use of the drug is associated with serious side effects, and drug-resistant strains often appear. Therefore, it is important to find a safe and novel antiviral agent for HSV-1 infection. Quercus acuta Thunb. (Fagaceae) (QA) is widely distributed as an ornamental and dietary plant in Korea, Taiwan, China, and Japan. Thus far, the effects of QA extract and its active ingredients are known to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity, but studies of possible antiviral effects have not been reported. We studied the antiviral effects and molecular mechanism of QA after HSV-1 infection at the cellular level. We confirmed that QA suppresses ROS expression after HSV-1 infection and also suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression through inhibition of NF-kB activity. In addition, we found that QA increases the phosphorylation activity of IRF3 through induction of TBK1 activity during HSV-1 infection. QA exhibits an antiviral effect, and we confirmed through UPLC-DAD-mass spectrometer (MS)/MS analysis that it contains five main components: catechin, chlorogenic acid, fraxin, isoquercitrin, and taxifolin. Of these, isoquercitrin was confirmed to exhibit an antiviral effect on SK-N-SH cells through ICP27 inhibition. Overall, our results suggest that QA is a novel inhibitor with antiviral effects against HSV-1 infection and may be used specifically to prevent and treat of herpes simplex virus encephalitis infection.
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