Metformin Is Associated with a Lower Incidence of Benign Brain Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The risk of benign brain tumors (BBT) associated with metformin use has not received much attention. Therefore, a retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate such an association in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We used the database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance to enroll 152,176 ever users and 16,120 never users of metformin for the follow-up of incidence of BBT and a more specific outcome of cerebral meningioma. The patients were newly diagnosed with T2DM between 1999 and 2005; and they were followed up from 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2011. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. Results: During follow-up, 111 never users and 557 ever users were diagnosed with BBT. For BBT, the respective incidence rates for never users and ever users were 153.95 per 100,000 person-years and 77.61 per 100,000 person-years. While ever users were compared to never users, the hazard ratio was 0.502 (95% confidence interval: 0.409-0.615). A dose-response pattern was seen when ever users were categorized into tertiles of cumulative duration of metformin therapy (cutoffs: < 27.10 months, 27.10-58.27 months and > 58.27 months) with respective hazard ratios of 0.910 (0.728-1.138), 0.475 (0.375-0.602) and 0.243 (0.187-0.315). For cerebral meningioma, the overall hazard ratio was 0.506 (0.317-0.808); and the hazard ratios comparing the respective tertiles to never users were 0.895 (0.531-1.508), 0.585 (0.346-0.988) and 0.196 (0.104-0.369). Conclusions: A reduced risk of BBT and cerebral meningioma is observed in metformin users in patients with T2DM.

Automated summary

The use of metformin is associated with a reduced risk of benign brain tumors and cerebral meningiomas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a dose-response pattern observed.