Journal
VACCINES
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111346
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; betacoronavirus; vaccine; betacoronaviridae; TMV
Categories
Funding
- British American Tobacco (BAT)
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The study developed a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate that induces strong antibody responses in mice and protects them from virus-related mortality and symptomatic disease. It was found that a sufficient pre-existing pool of neutralizing antibodies is required prior to exposure to restrict viral replication and prevent induction of inflammatory mediators related to severe disease. Additionally, a potential role for CXCL5 as a protective cytokine in SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified, suggesting its disruption could be an important early component of the inflammatory dysregulation seen in severe cases of COVID-19.
We developed a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (CoV-RBD121-NP) comprised of a tobacco mosaic virus-like nanoparticle conjugated to the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 fused to a human IgG1 Fc domain. CoV-RBD121-NP elicits strong antibody responses in C57BL/6 mice and is stable for up to 12 months at 2-8 or 22-28 & DEG;C. Here, we showed that this vaccine induces a strong neutralizing antibody response in K18-hACE2 mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunization protects mice from virus-associated mortality and symptomatic disease. Our data indicated that a sufficient pre-existing pool of neutralizing antibodies is required to restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication upon exposure and prevent induction of inflammatory mediators associated with severe disease. Finally, we identified a potential role for CXCL5 as a protective cytokine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results suggested that disruption of the CXCL5 and CXCL1/2 axis may be important early components of the inflammatory dysregulation that is characteristic of severe cases of COVID-19.
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