Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.790539
Keywords
C3H down-regulation; hemicelluloses; lignin; NMR; structural characteristics
Funding
- National Key Program on Transgenic Research [2018ZX08020002]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31872698, 32071854]
- Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project [2019JQ03006]
- Foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University [2021KF36]
- Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden
- Project of Nanhai Series of Talent Cultivation Program
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The down-regulation of C3H resulted in chemical and structural changes of hemicelluloses and lignin in poplar wood, facilitating downstream utilization in biorefinery strategies. The study also provides illuminating results for genetic breeding to improve wood properties and efficient utilization of poplar wood.
Elucidating the chemical and structural characteristics of hemicelluloses and lignin in the p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) down-regulated poplar wood will be beneficial to the upstream gene validation and downstream biomass conversion of this kind of transgenic poplar. Herein, the representative hemicelluloses and lignin with unaltered structures were prepared from control (CK) and C3H down-regulated 84K poplars. Modern analytical techniques, such as C-13 NMR, 2D-HSQC NMR, and gel chromatography (GPC), were performed to better delineate the structural changes of hemicelluloses and lignin caused by transgenesis. Results showed that both the hemicelluloses (H-CK and H-C3H) extracted from control and C3H down-regulated poplar wood have a chain backbone of (1 -> 4)-beta-D-Xylan with 4-O-Me-alpha-D-GlcpA as side chain, and the branch degree of the H-C3H is higher than that of H-CK. With regarding to the lignin macromolecules, NMR results demonstrated that the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio and dominant substructure beta-O-4 linkages in C3H down-regulated poplar were lower than those of control poplar wood. By contrast, native lignin from C3H down-regulated poplar wood exhibited higher contents of p-hydroxybenzoate (PB) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In short, C3H down-regulation resulted in the chemical and structural changes of the hemicelluloses and lignin in these poplar wood. The identified structures will facilitate the downstream utilization and applications of lignocellulosic materials in the biorefinery strategy. Furthermore, this study could provide some illuminating results for genetic breeding on the improvement of wood properties and efficient utilization of poplar wood.
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