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Genetics, Epigenetics, Cellular Immunology, and Gut Microbiota: Emerging Links With Graves' Disease

Journal

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.794912

Keywords

graves' disease; pathogenesis; genetics; epigenetics; cellular immunology; gut microbiota

Funding

  1. National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1004300]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation Project of China [82160154, 81670844]
  3. Key Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department [QKH-JC-2019-1464]
  4. Excellent Talent Support Program of Guizhou Provincial Education Department [QJH-KY-2017-077]
  5. Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province [QKH-PTRC-2018-5772-042]
  6. Science and Technology Project of Zunyi [ZSKH-HZ-2020-35]
  7. Program for Excellent Young Talents of Zunyi Medical University [18-ZY-001]

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This article reviews the role of genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota in the pathogenic mechanism of Graves' disease, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and providing promising therapeutic targets.
Graves' disease (GD) is a well-known organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos. The incidence of GD is approximately 2.0-3.0% in China and 0.5-2.0% in Western countries. Due to the complex pathogenesis and etiology of GD, current treatment methods have great side effects that seriously endanger human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the pathogenesis of GD. Various studies have shown that genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota are all involved in the development of GD. Genetically, CD25 gene and VDR gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of GD by increasing the ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Epigenetically, miR-23a-3p and lncRNA-MEG3 lead to Th17/Treg imbalance and participate in the progression of GD. Moreover, commensal microbe deletion can disrupt Th17/Treg balance and participate in the occurrence of GD. The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells induced by genetics, epigenetics, and gut microbiota plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of GD. Therefore, this article reviews the role of genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota in the pathogenic mechanism of GD. This may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and providing promising therapeutic targets.

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