Enhanced Zone Stable Election Protocol based on Fuzzy Logic for Cluster Head Election in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) have batteries with a short lifespan and so the energy has to be judiciously utilized. Consumption of transmission energy of nodes that are deployed far away from base station (BS) increases with increase in distance. To prolong the network lifetime, the selection of cluster heads (CH) plays a crucial role. This paper proposes an enhanced zone stable election protocol based on fuzzy logic for cluster head election. The studies on ZSEP-E have assumed probabilistic election of cluster heads in the zones taking into consideration the maximum residual energy of the nodes lacking the studies on diverse parameters for cluster head election. In this paper, fuzzy logic is adapted to ZSEP-E to evaluate the cluster head selection probability taking into account the factors such as residual energy of the node, density, and distance to the base station. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has significant effectiveness in terms of energy consumption as well as maximizing network lifetime by comparing the performance with ZSEP-E and other related works.