Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750534
Keywords
myogenic precursor cells; embryonic myogenesis; adult myogenesis; satellite cell heterogeneity; muscle regeneration
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Funding
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain [PID2019-10 7492GB-I00]
- FEDER ANDALUCIA (Junta de Andalucia, Spain) [06030050P1 PROY I + D + I]
- FPU grant [FPU17/03843]
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Muscle regeneration is a crucial homeostatic process in adult skeletal muscle, sharing similarities with embryonic myogenesis. Satellite cells are the main muscle stem cells responsible for regeneration, displaying functional heterogeneity with undifferentiated subpopulations more prone to self-renewal and committed progenitor cells ready for myogenic differentiation.
Muscle regeneration is an important homeostatic process of adult skeletal muscle that recapitulates many aspects of embryonic myogenesis. Satellite cells (SCs) are the main muscle stem cells responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration. SCs reside between the myofiber basal lamina and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber in a quiescent state. However, in response to physiological stimuli or muscle trauma, activated SCs transiently re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and subsequently exit the cell cycle to differentiate or self-renew. Recent evidence has stated that SCs display functional heterogeneity linked to regenerative capability with an undifferentiated subgroup that is more prone to self-renewal, as well as committed progenitor cells ready for myogenic differentiation. Several lineage tracing studies suggest that such SC heterogeneity could be associated with different embryonic origins. Although it has been established that SCs are derived from the central dermomyotome, how a small subpopulation of the SCs progeny maintain their stem cell identity while most progress through the myogenic program to construct myofibers is not well understood. In this review, we synthesize the works supporting the different developmental origins of SCs as the genesis of their functional heterogeneity.
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