Journal
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 67, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe8931
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Funding
- NIH [R01 AI130378, T32 AI138945]
- NIH National Cancer Institute [P30CA042014]
- University of Utah Flow Cytometry Facility
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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that protect mucosal surfaces against bacterial pathogens. They not only release inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules but also provide B cell help. This study identifies a population of CXCR5(+) T follicular helper-like MAIT cells (MAITfh) that can provide B cell help within mucosal lymphoid organs.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that aid in protection against bacterial pathogens at mucosal surfaces through the release of inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. Recent evidence suggests that MAIT cells can also provide B cell help. In this study, we describe a population of CXCR5(+) T follicular helper (Tfh)-like MAIT cells (MAITfh) that have the capacity to provide B cell help within mucosal lymphoid organs. MAITfh cells are preferentially located near germinal centers in human tonsils and express the classical Tfh-associated transcription factor, B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), the costimulatory markers inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), and interleukin-21 (IL-21). We demonstrate the ability of MAIT cells to provide B cell help in vivo after mucosal challenge with Vibrio cholerae. Specifically, we show that adoptive transfer of MAIT cells into alpha beta T cell-deficient mice promoted B cell differentiation and increased serum V. cholerae-specific IgA responses. Our data demonstrate the capacity of MAIT cells to participate in adaptive immune responses and suggest that MAIT cells may be potential targets for mucosal vaccines.
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