A pathway to peptides in space through the condensation of atomic carbon

Organic molecules are widely present in the dense interstellar medium, and many have been synthesized in the laboratory on Earth under the conditions typical for an interstellar environment. Until now, however, only relatively small molecules of biological interest have been demonstrated to form experimentally under typical space conditions. Here we prove experimentally that the condensation of carbon atoms on the surface of cold solid particles (cosmic dust) leads to the formation of isomeric polyglycine monomers (aminoketene molecules). Following encounters between aminoketene molecules, they polymerize to produce peptides of different lengths. The chemistry involves three of the most abundant species (CO, C and NH3) present in star-forming molecular clouds, and proceeds via a novel pathway that skips the stage of amino acid formation in protein synthesis. The process is efficient, even at low temperatures, without irradiation or the presence of water. The delivery of biopolymers formed by this chemistry to rocky planets in the habitable zone might be an important element in the origins of life. Using common interstellar chemical species (CO, C and NH3), the authors show that peptides can be experimentally synthesized on a solid surface under interstellar conditions. The formation route circumvents the creation of amino acids in the pathway towards proteins.

Automated summary

Using common interstellar chemical species (CO, C and NH3), the authors demonstrate experimentally the synthesis of peptides on a solid surface under interstellar conditions. The formation route circumvents the creation of amino acids in the pathway towards proteins.