Can the Combined Use of the Mirid Predator Nesidiocoris tenuis and a Braconid Larval Endoparasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Improve the Biological Control of Tuta absoluta?

Simple Summary: Combining natural enemies may lead to synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on the control of insect pests. An investigation into the nature and outcome of the interaction between a generalist mirid predator, Nesidiocoris tenuis, and a specialist koinobiont larval endoparasitoid, Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris, in the control of a co-shared host/prey, Tuta absoluta, was undertaken under laboratory conditions. We found that the presence of N. tenuis did not affect oviposition performance or progeny production by D. gelechiidivoris. When both natural enemies were combined, the efficacy in reducing T. absoluta populations was significantly higher than that of either natural enemy used alone. Nesidiocoris tenuis preferentially reduced the densities of T. absoluta eggs, while D. gelechiidivoris reduced the larval stages of the pest. The combined use of N. tenuis and D. gelechiidivoris could potentially help reduce the overall infestation level of T. absoluta in tomato agroecosystems.The koinobiont solitary larval endoparasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Marsh) (Syn.: Apanteles gelechiidivoris) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the predatory bug Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) are important natural enemies of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a serious pest of tomato. Although N. tenuis preferentially feeds on T. absoluta eggs, it is also recorded as a predator of first and second instar larval stages. Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris preferentially seeks these early larval stages of T. absoluta for oviposition. The occurrence of intraguild predation between N. tenuis and D. gelechiidivoris and the consequences on the oviposition performance of D. gelechiidivoris were investigated in the laboratory. Regardless of the manner of introduction (i.e., the sequence of combinations with D. gelechiidivoris) or density (i.e., number of N. tenuis combined with D. gelechiidivoris), the presence of N. tenuis did not affect the oviposition performance of D. gelechiidivoris or the parasitoid's progeny. Combination assays revealed that the efficacy of the combined use of N. tenuis and D. gelechiidivoris in controlling T. absoluta populations was significantly higher than that of either natural enemy alone. Our results highlight the potential of combining mirid predators and koinobiont larval endoparasitoids to control T. absoluta. The findings further contribute to data supporting the release of D. gelechiidivoris in tomato agroecosystems for the control of T. absoluta in Africa, where N. tenuis is widespread and abundant.

Automated summary

Combining the predatory bug Nesidiocoris tenuis and the koinobiont solitary larval endoparasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris led to significantly higher efficacy in controlling the Tuta absoluta populations compared to using either natural enemy alone. N. tenuis preferentially targeted T. absoluta eggs, while D. gelechiidivoris focused on the early larval stages, showcasing the potential of combining mirid predators with koinobiont larval endoparasitoids for pest control.