Thermal Behavior of Ceramic Bodies Based on Estonian Clay from the Arumetsa Deposit with Oil Shale Ash and Clinker Dust Additives

The thermal behavior of green clay samples from the Arumetsa and Fuzerradvany deposits (Hungary) and the influence of two new types of Estonian oil shale (OS) ashes and cement bypass dust (clinker dust) additives on it were the objectives of this study. Thermal and thermo-dilatometric analysis methods were applied using a Setaram Setsys 1750 thermoanalyzer coupled with a Pfeiffer Omnistar spectrometer and a Setaram Setsys 1750 CS Evolution dilatometer. The kinetic parameters were calculated based on the differential isoconversional method of Friedman. The results of the thermal analysis of clays and blends indicated the emission of physically bound water at 200-250 degrees C. At temperatures from 200-250 degrees C to 550-600 degrees C the release of water is caused by oxidation of organic matter and dehydroxylation of different clay minerals like illite, illite-smectite, mica and kaolin. From blends, in addition, also from the decomposition of portlandite. The emission of CO2 at these temperatures was a result of the oxidation of organic matter contained in the clays. In the temperature range from 550-600 degrees C to 800-900 degrees C, the mass loss was caused by ongoing dehydroxylation processes in clay minerals but was mainly due to the decomposition of the carbonates contained in the OS ashes and clinker dust. These processes were accompanied by contraction and expansion of the ceramic bodies with the corresponding changes in the SSA and porosity values of the samples. Therefore, the decomposition of the clays took place in one step which blends in two steps. At first, dehydroxylation of the clay minerals occurs, followed by decomposition of the carbonates. The value of the conversion-dependent activation energy E along the reaction progress alpha varied for the Arumetsa and illitic clay between 75-182 and 9-206 kJ mol(-1), respectively. For the blends based on Arumetsa and illitic clay, the activation energy of the first step varied between 14-193 and 5-205 kJ mol(-1), and for the second step, it was between 15-390 and 135-235 kJ mol(-1), respectively, indicating the complex mechanism of the processes.

Automated summary

The thermal behavior of clay samples from Hungary and Estonia was studied using thermal and thermo-dilatometric analysis methods. The results showed that water and other compounds were released at different temperatures, and oxidation, dehydroxylation, and decomposition were the main mechanisms involved. The addition of new types of oil shale ashes and cement bypass dust affected the thermal behavior of the clays.