Can a combination of vaccination and face mask wearing contain the COVID-19 pandemic?

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity Comment

Kar Keung Cheng et al.

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Estimating the early impact of the US COVID-19 vaccination programme on COVID-19 cases, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and deaths among adults aged 65 years and older: an ecological analysis of national surveillance data

Lucy A. McNamara et al.

Summary: The initial roll-out of the US COVID-19 vaccination program was associated with reductions in COVID-19 cases, emergency department visits, and hospital admissions among older adults.

LANCET (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

What is the vaccine effect on reducing transmission in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant?

Annelies Wilder-Smith

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study

Anika Singanayagam et al.

Summary: Vaccination reduces the risk of delta variant infection and accelerates viral clearance. However, fully vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infections may still have similar peak viral loads as unvaccinated cases and can efficiently transmit the infection.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age

E. B. Walter et al.

Summary: A regimen of two 10-mu g doses of BNT162b2 administered 21 days apart was found to be safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in children aged 5 to 11 years.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021

Barbara A. Cohn et al.

Summary: This study reports the effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and death in veterans, with a decline in vaccine effectiveness observed for all vaccine types. The decline was greatest for the Janssen vaccine. However, vaccination remained protective against death for individuals who became infected during the Delta variant surge. The study also found variations in the vaccine effectiveness against death among different age groups.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

mRNA vaccines against COVID-19: a showcase for the importance of microbial biotechnology

Harald Bruessow

Summary: The text summarizes the development of high efficacy mRNA vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna against COVID-19, as well as other related studies and data, including vaccine protection effects, impacts on variant viruses, and adverse reactions from vaccination.

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers A Randomized Controlled Trial

Henning Bundgaard et al.

Summary: According to a randomized controlled trial conducted in Denmark, recommending surgical mask use did not significantly reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, but the results indicated that there may still be some degree of self-protection as suggested by the confidence intervals and related research.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inferring the effectiveness of government interventions against COVID-19

Jan M. Brauner et al.

Summary: Research has found that closing educational institutions, limiting gathering sizes, and closing face-to-face businesses are effective nonpharmaceutical interventions in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, while the additional effect of stay-at-home orders is relatively small.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity

Mark W. Tenforde et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the association between mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and COVID-19 hospitalization, as well as disease progression to critical illness among hospitalized patients. The results showed that vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines significantly decreased the likelihood of COVID-19 hospitalization and disease progression to death or mechanical ventilation.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and risk of COVID-19-related death in fully vaccinated people in Scotland

Zoe Grange et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Non-pharmaceutical interventions, vaccination, and the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in England: a mathematical modelling study

Raphael Sonabend et al.

Summary: The study assessed the UK Government's four-step process to easing lockdown restrictions in England, taking into account the impact of the Delta variant and other factors. The findings suggest that the risk of a large wave of COVID-19 hospital admissions resulting from lifting NPIs can be mitigated but there is substantial uncertainty in the epidemic trajectory due to the emergence of the Delta variant.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for preventing severe outcomes in Israel: an observational study

Noam Barda et al.

Summary: A study using data from Israel's largest health-care organization showed that a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective in preventing individuals from severe COVID-19-related outcomes, compared to receiving only two doses at least 5 months ago. The effectiveness of the third dose in preventing hospital admission was 93%, severe disease 92%, and COVID-19-related death 81%.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Same-day SARS-CoV-2 antigen test screening in an indoor mass-gathering live music event: a randomised controlled trial

Boris Revollo et al.

Summary: The study assessed the effectiveness of a prevention strategy during a live indoor concert, providing preliminary evidence on the safety of indoor mass-gathering events during a COVID-19 outbreak under a comprehensive preventive intervention. The data could help restart cultural activities halted during COVID-19, which might have important sociocultural and economic implications.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

CHINA'S COVID VACCINES HAVE BEEN CRUCIAL - NOW IMMUNITY IS WANING

Smriti Mallapaty

NATURE (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

OMICRON LIKELY TO WEAKEN COVID VACCINE PROTECTION

Ewen Callaway

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar

Patrick Tang et al.

Summary: mRNA COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate high effectiveness in preventing severe outcomes and death caused by the Delta variant in Qatar, despite lower effectiveness at blocking infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Viral loads of Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after vaccination and booster with BNT162b2

Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun et al.

Summary: The study found that the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in reducing viral loads of breakthrough infections decreases over time. However, this reduction in viral load can be restored by receiving a third vaccine dose.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar

Hiam Chemaitelly et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study

Michael Marks et al.

Summary: The viral load of index cases is a key driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, while the viral load of contacts at baseline is strongly associated with the risk of developing symptomatic COVID-19 and shortening the incubation period in a dose-dependent manner.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles

Gholamhossein Bagheri et al.

Summary: There is ample evidence that masking and social distancing are effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Studies show that even when both individuals wear FFP2 masks during conversation, the upper bound of infection risk remains as low as 0.4%, demonstrating the importance of wearing appropriate masks for protection in the community.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Startling new variant raises urgent questions

Kai Kupferschmidt

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exponential growth, high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine effectiveness associated with the Delta variant

Paul Elliott et al.

Summary: During early summer 2021, the Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study in England found that infections were rising due to the Delta variant, with unvaccinated individuals having three times the prevalence of infection compared to double-vaccinated individuals. Despite vaccination, the vaccine effectiveness for double-vaccinated individuals was estimated to be around 50% to 60% during this period. Increased social mixing in the presence of the Delta variant had the potential to generate sustained growth in infections, even with high levels of vaccination.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

Much ado about something: a response to COVID-19: underpowered randomised trials, or no randomised trials?

Noah A. Haber et al.

Summary: Non-pharmaceutical interventions for infectious diseases like COVID-19 present challenges in terms of practicality and ethics, making it difficult to conduct randomized trials. Even statistically underpowered studies are considered valuable, but informative trials are not always feasible. Weakly designed trials may not contribute significantly to individual research or overall literature.

TRIALS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 vaccine in older adults during SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant circulation in Sao Paulo

Matt D. T. Hitchings et al.

Summary: This study conducted in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, investigated the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 vaccine in adults aged 60 years and older against the Gamma variant of the Covid-19 virus. The results showed that the two-dose schedule of the ChAdOx1 vaccine provided significantly increased protection against Covid-19, hospitalization, and death compared to a single dose in elderly individuals during widespread circulation of the Gamma variant.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization

Dennis Lapuente et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that priming with systemic mRNA and boosting with intranasal adenoviral vector vaccine in mice induces comprehensive T cell and mucosal immunity. The strategy provides complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice after boosting.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2-breakthrough infections to time-from-vaccine

Barak Mizrahi et al.

Summary: The study indicates preliminary evidence of waning vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 among all age groups above 16, with a higher incidence of infection in those vaccinated earlier in 2021. Further investigation into long-term protection against different strains is warranted.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Understanding the effectiveness of government interventions against the resurgence of COVID-19 in Europe

Mrinank Sharma et al.

Summary: Research shows that in Europe's second wave, interventions such as business closures, educational institution closures, and gathering bans help reduce virus transmission, but with slightly less effectiveness compared to the first wave. This difference is attributed to the implementation of safety measures and individual protective behaviors in public life during the pandemic.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study

Sam Moore et al.

Summary: The study found that vaccination alone is insufficient to contain the outbreak. Even with an optimistic assumption that the vaccine can prevent 85% of infections, the reproduction number (R) is estimated to be 1.58 once all eligible adults have been offered both doses of the vaccine without non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of a COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Mortality Among Adults Aged 60 Years And Older in a Middle-Income Country

Alejandro Macchia et al.

Summary: This study concluded that vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in COVID-19 infection and mortality within the first 5 months after the start of the vaccination campaign.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S Adenoviral Vector Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19

Juan Corchado-Garcia et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Johnson & Johnson Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, finding that the incidence rate of infection was significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals, with an effectiveness of 73.6%.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Initial report of decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine

Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccines not only provide protection to individual vaccinees, but may also reduce viral load in breakthrough infections, potentially leading to lower infectiousness and further suppressing virus spread.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

COVID-19: underpowered randomised trials, or no randomised trials?

Atle Fretheim

Summary: The need for unattainably large sample sizes poses a key barrier to conducting randomized trials in public health, often leading to a choice between underpowered trials or no trials at all. Underpowered trials should be considered as contributions to the larger body of evidence, evaluated collectively in systematic reviews alongside studies of various sizes and designs. Overemphasis on sample size calculation may hinder scientific progress rather than help.

TRIALS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nawal Al Kaabi et al.

Summary: This interim analysis of an ongoing randomized trial in the UAE and Bahrain evaluated the efficacy of two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in preventing symptomatic cases and adverse events in healthy adults. The study found that both vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 compared to the control group, with efficacy rates of 72.8% and 78.1%. Serious adverse events were rare across all groups.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey

Mine Durusu Tanriover et al.

Summary: The study presented the interim efficacy and safety results of the CoronaVac vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial in Turkey, demonstrating high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with good safety and tolerability profile. Results showed significant differences in the frequency of any adverse events between the vaccine and placebo groups, indicating excellent protective effects of the vaccine.

LANCET (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

SURPRISE DIP IN UK COVID CASES BAFFLES RESEARCHERS

Philip Ball

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom

Emma Pritchard et al.

Summary: Results from the Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey in the UK demonstrate that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccines reduce the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections by up to 65% with a single dose and up to 80% after two doses, with no significant differences in efficacy observed between the two vaccines.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine

Paul T. Heath et al.

Summary: The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 89.7% in a phase 3 trial with over 15,000 participants, with mild and transient reactogenicity. It showed high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant and a low incidence of adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine among US Health Care Personnel

T. Pilishvili et al.

Summary: The BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines were highly effective in preventing symptomatic Covid-19 in U.S. health care personnel, with vaccine effectiveness of 77.6% to 96.3%. The effectiveness was consistent across different subgroups defined by age, race and ethnic group, underlying conditions, and patient contact levels, indicating the vaccines were effective for preventing Covid-19 in those at risk and in disproportionately affected groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Vaccination on Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in England

Ross J. Harris et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Highly Vaccinated Health System Workforce

Jocelyn Keehner et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel

Yinon M. Bar-On et al.

Summary: After receiving a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, Israeli residents aged 60 and above who had previously received two doses of the vaccine saw significantly lower rates of confirmed Covid-19 infection and severe illness compared to those who did not receive a booster shot, indicating the effectiveness of the booster dose in reducing infection and severe illness.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Prevention and Attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines

Mark G. Thompson et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in real-world conditions, while also attenuating the viral RNA load, febrile symptoms, and illness duration among vaccinated individuals who had breakthrough infections.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at Completion of Blinded Phase

H. M. El Sahly et al.

Summary: The mRNA-1273 vaccine demonstrated high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 illness and severe disease, with more than 5 months of protection and a good safety profile, including protection against asymptomatic infection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months

S. J. Thomas et al.

Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19

Sohee Kwon et al.

Summary: The study revealed that community-level social distancing measures and individual face mask use can effectively reduce the risk of COVID-19, and wearing masks remains crucial in protecting individuals, even in settings of poor social distancing.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effect of specific non-pharmaceutical intervention policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the counties of the United States

Bingyi Yang et al.

Summary: The study suggests that in the United States, early closures of schools/daycares and banning nursing home visits were crucial in reducing the transmission of COVID-19.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Spread of Misinformation About Face Masks and COVID-19 by Automated Software on Facebook

John W. Ayers et al.

Summary: This cross-sectional study examines the dissemination of misinformation about the Danish study on face masks for COVID-19 protection on Facebook.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Mask Use and Ventilation Improvements to Reduce COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary Schools - Georgia, November 16-December 11, 2020

Jenna Gettings et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Clinical evidence that the pandemic from 1889 to 1891 commonly called the Russian flu might have been an earlier coronavirus pandemic

Harald Brussow et al.

Summary: Medical reports from late 19th century Britain and Germany on patients with the 1889-1891 Russian flu show similarities with COVID-19, such as multisystem affections, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms, and a protracted recovery. Mortality was higher in elderly subjects, while children were less affected. Trans-species infection between pet animals or horses and humans was also noted, possibly linked to a broad host range bovine coronavirus around 1890.

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

What we can learn from the dynamics of the 1889 'Russian flu' pandemic for the future trajectory of COVID-19

Harald Brussow

Summary: A study on the symptoms of patients from the 'Russian flu' pandemic in 1889 revealed similarities with COVID-19, suggesting a potential connection between the two. Looking back at the historical records of past pandemics may help provide insights into possible future scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic.

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

The Combined Effect of Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Public Health Interventions-Ending the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alexander Doroshenko

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Simulated COVID-19 Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions With Infections, Hospitalizations, and Mortality

Mehul D. Patel et al.

Summary: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to significantly reduce transmission and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Simulation outcomes suggest that removing NPIs while vaccines are distributed may result in substantial increases in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Higher vaccination coverage with less efficacious vaccines can contribute to a larger reduction in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with more efficacious vaccines at lower coverage.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Self-reported vs Directly Observed Face Mask Use in Kenya

Aleksandra Jakubowski et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Stella Talic et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that personal protective and social measures like handwashing, mask wearing, and physical distancing are associated with reductions in the incidence of COVID-19. However, due to heterogeneity of the studies, meta-analysis for other interventions like quarantine, isolation, universal lockdowns, and closures was not possible, and further research is needed.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Respiratory System

Face Masks and the Cardiorespiratory Response to Physical Activity in Health and Disease

Susan R. Hopkins et al.

Summary: The study reviews the effects of wearing face masks during physical activity on the respiratory system, suggesting that while dyspnea and perceived effort may increase, the impact on breathing workload, blood gases, and physiological parameters is generally small and often undetectable, even during intense exercise. There is no current evidence to support sex or age-based differences in physiological responses to exercise while wearing a face mask.

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Medical Informatics

Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study

Benjamin Rader et al.

Summary: Face masks have become common in the USA due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A study investigated the association between self-reported mask-wearing, physical distancing, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission control in the USA. The research found that increased mask-wearing and physical distancing were associated with higher odds of transmission control, even without government mandates.

LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH (2021)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences