Journal
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699401
Keywords
cholangiocarcinoma; primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC); biliary strictures; ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography); early detection; biomarkers
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Funding
- Pancreatic Cancer UK
- UCLH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Centre - Department of Health's National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme
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Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive biliary tract malignancy that is difficult to diagnose early. Standard serum markers lack sensitivity and specificity, driving the search for novel biomarkers for screening and early detection. However, clinical translation of these biomarkers is slow and further validation in larger patient cohorts is needed.
Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon and highly aggressive biliary tract malignancy with few manifestations until late disease stages. Diagnosis is currently achieved through a combination of clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological techniques. A number of reported cancer biomarkers have the potential to be incorporated into diagnostic pathways, but all lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity limiting their possible use in screening and early diagnosis. The limitations of standard serum markers such as CA19-9, CA125 and CEA have driven researchers to identify multiple novel biomarkers, yet their clinical translation has been slow with a general requirement for further validation in larger patient cohorts. We review recent advances in the diagnostic pathway for suspected CCA as well as emerging diagnostic biomarkers for early detection, with a particular focus on non-invasive approaches.
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