Journal
CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10123371
Keywords
growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor 1; growth hormone receptor; receptor signaling; diabetic nephropathy; chronic kidney disease; kidney hypertrophy
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GH and IGF-1 have important roles in kidney development and function regulation, with GH excess potentially leading to kidney damage. Chronic kidney disease and its complications in children are associated with alterations in the GH/IGF1 axis, with GH treatment being used to promote growth.
Growth hormone (GH) exerts multiple effects on different organs including the kidneys, either directly or via its main mediator, insulin-like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The GH/IGF1 system plays a key role in normal kidney development, glomerular hemodynamic regulation, as well as tubular water, sodium, phosphate, and calcium handling. Transgenic animal models demonstrated that GH excess (and not IGF1) may lead to hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis. GH and IGF-1 play a significant role in the early development of diabetic nephropathy, as well as in compensatory kidney hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications in children are associated with alterations in the GH/IGF1 axis, including growth retardation, related to a GH-resistant state, attributed to impaired kidney postreceptor GH-signaling and chronic inflammation. This may explain the safety of prolonged rhGH-treatment of short stature in CKD.
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