4.6 Article

Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from the Coral Pseudopterogorgia americana in Macrophages

Journal

CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10123531

Keywords

Pseudopterogorgia americana; polysaccharide; macrophages; immune modulation

Categories

Funding

  1. Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 108-2923-B-197-001-MY3, MOST 110-2923-B-197-001-MY3]
  2. RFBR
  3. MOST [21-54-52005]

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Polysaccharides from marine organisms, such as PPA from Pseudopterogorgia americana, have immunomodulatory effects on mammalian immune system by activating macrophages and inducing cytokine expression through pathways involving ROS, PKC, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. This study provides insights into the potential development of PPA as immune modulators in the future.
Polysaccharides from marine organisms produce an important regulatory effect on the mammalian immune system. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of a polysaccharide that was isolated from the coral Pseudopterogorgia americana (PPA) were investigated. PPA increased the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, in macrophages. A mechanistic study revealed that PPA activated macrophages through the toll-like receptor-4 and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, PKC-delta and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and activated NF-kappa B. The inhibition of ROS and knockdown of PKC-alpha reduced PPA-mediated TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression; however, the knockdown of PKC-delta significantly increased PPA-mediated TNF-alpha expression. In addition, the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 and NF-kappa B reduced PPA-mediated TNF-alpha, IL-6 and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of ROS, MAPK and PKC-alpha/delta reduced PPA-mediated NF-kappa B activation, indicating that ROS, MAPK and PKC-alpha/delta function as upstream signals of NF-kappa B. Finally, PPA treatment decreased the phagocytosis activity of macrophages and reduced cytokine expression in bacteria-infected macrophages. Taken together, our current findings suggest that PPA can potentially play a role in the development of immune modulators in the future.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.6
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available