Molecular Mediators of RNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles

In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) cooperate in the gene regulatory networks with other biomolecules, including coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and translation regulation at different levels. Intriguingly, ncRNAs can be packed in vesicles, released in the extracellular space, and finally internalized by receiving cells, thus affecting gene expression also at distance. This review focuses on the mechanisms through which the ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Automated summary

In the last decade, increasing research has shown that ncRNAs cooperate with other biomolecules in gene regulatory networks. miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs play a role in transcription and translation regulation at different levels. Notably, ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles, influencing gene expression across distances.