Journal
CANCERS
Volume 13, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205051
Keywords
glioblastoma; human cytomegalovirus; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; polymerase chain reaction
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council [MF14/10]
- Swedish Research Council Framework Grant in Infections and Antibiotics [2016-0484, 2019-01736]
- Swedish Cancer Foundation [K2014-99X-22627-01-4]
- Cure Cancer Foundation [5044-B05-01XAB]
- Sten A Olssons Foundation
- IngaBritt och Arne Lundbergs Foundation
- Tore Nilsons Foundation
- Karolinska Institutet Research Foundation
- Formas [2019-01736] Funding Source: Formas
- Swedish Research Council [2019-01736] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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The study found that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is highly prevalent in glioblastomas and optimized immunohistochemistry techniques are required to detect it, although there are discrepancies in detection methods and results using different techniques.
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. The standard treatment has not changed in the past 15 years as clinical trials of new treatment protocols have failed. A high prevalence of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in glioblastomas was first reported in 2002. The virus was found only in the tumor and not in the surrounding healthy brain tissue. Many groups have confirmed the presence of the HCMV in glioblastomas, but others could not. To resolve this discrepancy, we systematically reviewed 645 articles identified in different databases. Of these, 81 studies included results from 247 analyses of 9444 clinical samples (7024 tumor samples and 2420 blood samples) by different techniques, and 81 articles included 191 studies that identified the HCMV in 2529 tumor samples (36% of all tumor samples). HCMV proteins were often detected, whereas HCMV nucleic acids were not reliably detected by PCR methods. Optimized immunohistochemical techniques identified the virus in 1391 (84,2%) of 1653 samples. These data suggest that the HCMV is highly prevalent in glioblastomas and that optimized immunohistochemistry techniques are required to detect it.
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