Journal
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00273-y
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Gram-negative bacteria; Lipopolysaccharide; Exotoxin; Amyloid beta; Tau
Categories
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2018R1D1A3B07041059, NRF-2016R1A5A2012284]
- Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ01428603]
- Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) - Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [HF21C0021]
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe age-related neurodegenerative disease that may be associated with gram-negative bacteria and their LPS. These bacteria and LPS play important roles in the pathogenesis and pathology of AD.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most serious age-related neurodegenerative disease and causes destructive and irreversible cognitive decline. Failures in the development of therapeutics targeting amyloid-beta (A beta) and tau, principal proteins inducing pathology in AD, suggest a paradigm shift towards the development of new therapeutic targets. The gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are attractive new targets for AD treatment. Surprisingly, an altered distribution of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS has been reported in AD patients. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have been shown to affect a variety of AD-related pathologies, such as A beta homeostasis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeting gram-negative bacteria or gram-negative bacterial molecules have significantly alleviated AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Despite multiple evidence showing that the gram-negative bacteria and their LPS play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis, the pathogenic mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have not been clarified. Here, we summarize the roles and pathomechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using gram-negative bacteria and gram-negative bacterial molecules as novel therapeutic targets and new pathological characteristics for AD.
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