Timing of magmatism and migmatization in the 2.0-1.8 Ga accretionary Svecokarelian orogen, south-central Sweden

The Palaeoproterozoic (2.0-1.8 Ga) Svecokarelian orogen in central Sweden consists of a low-pressure, predominantly medium-grade metamorphic domain (central part of Bergslagen lithotectonic unit), enclosed to the north and south by low-pressure migmatite belts. Two periods of metamorphism (1.87-1.85 and 1.83-1.79 Ga) are known in the migmatite belts. In this study, new U-Th-Pb ion microprobe data on zircon and monazite from twelve samples of locally migmatized gneisses and felsic intrusive bodies determine both protolith and metamorphic ages in four sample areas north of Stockholm, inside or immediately adjacent to the medium-grade metamorphic domain. Two orthogneiss samples from the Rimbo area yield unusually old protolith ages of 1909 +/- 4 and 1908 +/- 4 Ma, while three orthogneisses from the Skutskar and Forsmark areas yield more typical protolith ages between 1901 +/- 3 and 1888 +/- 3 Ma. Migmatized paragneiss samples from this and two earlier studies contain a significant detrital component sourced from this 1.9 Ga magmatic suite. They are interpreted to be deposited contemporaneously with or shortly after this magmatism. Migmatization of the paragneiss at Rimbo was followed by intrusion of leucogranite at 1846 +/- 3 Ma. Even in the other sample areas to the north (Hedesunda-Tierp, Skutskar and Forsmark), metamorphism including migmatization is constrained to the 1.87-1.85 Ga interval and penetrative ductile deformation is limited by earlier studies in the Forsmark area to 1.87-1.86 Ga. However, apart from a metamorphic monazite age of 1863 +/- 1 Ma, precise ages were not possible to obtain due to the presence of only partially reset recrystallized domains in zircon, or highly discordant U-rich metamict and altered metamorphic rims. Migmatization was contemporaneous with magmatic activity at 1.87-1.84 Ga in the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit involving a mantle-derived component, and there is a spatial connection between migmatization and this magmatic phase in the Hedesunda-Tierp sample area. The close spatial and temporal interplay between ductile deformation, magmatism and migmatization, the P-T metamorphic conditions, and the continuation of similar magmatic activity around and after 1.8 Ga support solely accretionary rather than combined accretionary and collisional orogenic processes as an explanation for the metamorphism. The generally lower metamorphic grade and restricted influence of the younger metamorphic episode, at least at the ground surface level, distinguishes the central part of the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit from the migmatite belts further north and south.