Journal
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
Volume 65, Issue 2, Pages 273-297Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s40843-021-1889-8
Keywords
proton exchange membranes; high-temperature fuel cells; structure-performance relationship; proton conductivity
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFC1906602]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1904171]
- Foundation for Talent Program
- Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering (IPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Project Fund of Jiangsu Bingcheng Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
- Young Backbone Teachers Training Program Foundation of Henan University of Technology
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High-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells have more advantages than low-temperature PEM fuel cells, with high conductivity, low humidity operation conditions, adequate mechanical properties, and competitive costs. Currently, phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole is the most successful polymer material for application in HT-PEMs.
High-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells offer more advantages than low-temperature PEM fuel cells. The ideal characteristics of HT-PEMs are high conductivities, low-humidity operation conditions, adequate mechanical properties, and competitive costs. Various molecular moieties, such as benzimidazole, benzo-thiazole, imide, and ether ether ketone, have been introduced to polymer chain backbones to satisfy the application requirements for HT-PEMs. The most common sulfonated polymers based on the main chain backbones have been employed to improve the rties. Side group/chain engineering, includ crosslinking, has been widely applied to HT-PEMs to further improve their proton conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Currently, phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole is the most successful polymer material for application in HT-PEMs. The compositing/blending modification methods of polymers are effective in obtaining high PA-doping levels and superior mechanical properties. In this review, the current progress of various membrane materials used for HT-PEMs is summarized. The synthesis and performance characteristics of polymers containing specific moieties in the chain backbones applied to HT-PEMs are discussed systemically. Various modification approaches and their deficiencies associated with HT-PEMs are analyzed and clarified. Prospects and future challenges are also presented.
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