Journal
PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS
Volume 27, Issue 11, Pages 2621-2633Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01100-4
Keywords
Duckweed; Heavy metals; Lemnaceae; Nutrient limitation; Starch; Salt stress
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Starch accumulation in duckweeds is influenced by factors such as growth conditions, stress, and growth regulators. Biotechnological methods for converting duckweed starch into sugars and fermenting them into bio-alcohols are being explored for biofuel production.
Starch can accumulate in both actively growing vegetative fronds and over-wintering propagules, or turions of duckweeds, small floating aquatic plants belonging to the family of the Lemnaceae. The starch synthesizing potential of 36 duckweed species varies enormously, and the starch contents actually occurring in the duckweed tissues are determined by growth conditions, various types of stress and the action of growth regulators. The present review examines the effects of phytohormones and growth retardants, heavy metals, nutrient deficiency and salinity on the accumulation of starch in duckweeds with a view to obtaining high yields of starch as a feedstock for biofuel production. Biotechnological approaches to degrading duckweed starch to its component sugars and the fermentation of these sugars to bio-alcohols are also discussed.
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